Dog owners should remain on high alert for signs of a serious zoonotic disease that can be transmitted from pets to humans. Although uncommon in the UK, outbreaks of this disease typically coincide with increased rainfall and flooding during this season.
The disease in question is leptospirosis, a severe and potentially deadly infection caused by specific bacterial strains called Leptospira. In dogs, this bacterium can travel through the bloodstream before settling in the kidneys and liver.
Veterinary experts at PDSA explain that leptospirosis can manifest in various distressing symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, jaundice, breathing difficulties, and lethargy. While some dogs may recover without treatment, immediate veterinary care is crucial for the best possible outcome as leptospirosis is considered a medical emergency.
According to PDSA, even asymptomatic dogs can still spread the disease, and dogs can succumb to it within a short period after showing symptoms. It is advised to contact a vet promptly upon noticing any of the mentioned symptoms.
Specialists at PetMD also caution about leptospirosis, highlighting it as a significant zoonotic disease affecting both dogs and humans. The disease is caused by Leptospira bacteria primarily transmitted through contaminated water sources. Symptoms vary in severity and can impact various organs, emphasizing the importance of early veterinary intervention.
Dogs typically contract leptospirosis through exposure to infected urine from rats, farm animals, or other dogs. Beyond physical contact, dogs can also become infected by ingesting contaminated water sources like puddles, streams, or drains.
Humans can also contract the disease by direct contact with contaminated urine, which can enter the body through cuts, abrasions, or mucous membranes. While some individuals may show minimal symptoms, others can experience severe multi-systemic illnesses and potentially fatal outcomes.
In humans, symptoms of leptospirosis may include diarrhea, nausea, jaundice, fever, body aches, and headaches. Although human cases are infrequent in the UK, individuals working closely with animals are at a higher risk.
Official advice from the UK Government explains that human infection can occur through direct exposure to animal urine or environments contaminated with urine, such as canals, rivers, and lakes. The guidance emphasizes the role of waterborne transmission, particularly during periods of heavy rainfall and flooding, with agricultural workers being at a heightened risk due to exposure to infected animals and water sources.
Fortunately, both humans and dogs can be treated for leptospirosis with antibiotics, and vaccinations are available for animals to prevent severe symptoms. To reduce the risk of infection, the UK Government has outlined various preventive measures for consideration.
Lastly, the NHS UK offers additional information on leptospirosis, including symptoms and prevention measures.